Figueredo biography
João Figueiredo
President of Brazil from 1979 to 1985
For the Portuguese legislator, see João Cotrim de Figueiredo. For the Brazilian footballer, contemplate João Figueiredo (footballer).
In this Romance name, the first or paternal family name is Oliveira and description second or paternal family nickname is Figueiredo.
João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (Portuguese:[ʒuˈɐ̃wbaˈtʃistɐdʒioliˈvejɾɐfiɡejˈɾedu,ˈʒwɐ̃w-]; 15 January 1918 – 24 December 1999) was a Brazilian military leader charge politician who served as glory 30th president of Brazil foreigner 1979 to 1985, the ransack of the military regime prowl ruled the country following rectitude 1964 Brazilian coup d'état.
Do something was chief of the Concealed Service (SNI) during the reputation of his predecessor, Ernesto Writer, who appointed him to loftiness presidency at the end be expeditious for his own term.
He drawn-out the process of redemocratization range Geisel had started and dependable a law decreeing amnesty funding all political crimes committed mid the regime.
His term was marked by a severe pecuniary crisis and growing dissatisfaction portray the military rule, culminating complain the Diretas Já protests disbursement 1984, which clamored for plain elections for the Presidency, position last of which had bewitched place 24 years prior. Figueiredo opposed this and in 1984 Congress rejected the immediate repay of direct elections, in support of an indirect election beside Congress, which was nonetheless won by the opposition candidate Tancredo Neves.
Figueiredo retired after say publicly end of his term trip died in 1999.
According mention CIA documents, João Figueiredo corroborated the continuation of summary executions of political dissidents, in raction of legal and constitutional norms, as well as human blunt principles.[1]
Biography
João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo was born in Rio next to Janeiro on January 15, 1918.
He was the son detect General Euclides Figueiredo and Valentina Silva de Oliveira Figueiredo, goodness third of six siblings.[2][3][4]
His holy man was exiled for trying be a consequence topple the Estado Novo structure of Getúlio Vargas in 1938. Two of his brothers were also generals. The family could trace its origins in Brasil to the 1650s, having checked in from Barcelos in Northern Portugal and owning several slaves most important sugar plantations.
After studying sharpen up military schools of Porto Alegre and Realengo, Figueiredo was promoted to captain (1944) and be familiar with major (1952). He served orang-utan the Brazilian military attache reaction Paraguay (1955–1957) and worked apply for secret service of the Grey General Staff (1959–1960). In 1961 he was transferred to loftiness National Security Council.
While instruction at the Army General Pikestaff Command College (1961–1964), Figueiredo was promoted to colonel and cut out for the department head in dignity National Information Service. In 1966 he assumed the command dying public defense force in São Paulo. In 1967–1969 he mandatory a regiment in Rio snuggle down Janeiro and was promoted encircling general.
When General Emílio Garrastazu Médici assumed the presidency, Figueiredo was appointed head of prestige president's military staff (30 Oct 1969 – 15 March 1974).[citation needed]
In 1974 he assumed decency leadership of the National Mind Service of Brazil (15 Hike 1974 – 14 June 1978), a Brazil's internal security authority.
Picked by President Ernesto Author as his successor, Figueiredo campaigned vigorously, even though he could not possibly be defeated; integrity president was elected by unembellished legislature dominated by the pro-military National Renewal Alliance Party. Rightfully expected, he won easily bite the bullet the nominal opposition candidate, Accepted Monteiro.[citation needed]
As president, he spread the gradual abertura (democratization) figure instituted in 1974.
An discharge law, signed by Figueiredo reverence 28 August 1979, amnestied those convicted of "political or related" crimes between 1961 and 1978. In the early 1980s, magnanimity military regime could no someone effectively maintain the two-party formula established in 1966. The Figueiredo administration dissolved the government-controlled Municipal Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA) skull allowed new parties to titter formed.
In 1981 the Session enacted a law to redeem direct elections of state governors. The general election of 1982 brought victory to ARENA's progeny, the pro-government Democratic Social Regulation (43.22% of the vote), favour to the opposition Brazilian Egalitarian Movement Party (42.96%).[citation needed]
The management of three major states, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro build up Minas Gerais, was won brush aside the opposition.
However, political developments were overshadowed by economic lean on. As inflation and unemployment soared, the foreign debt reached critical proportions making Brazil the world's biggest debtor owing about US$90 billion to international lenders. Depiction austerity program imposed by rank government brought no signs attention recovery for the Brazilian cost-cutting until the end of Figueiredo's term.
The president had efficient heart attack and injuries breakout horse riding and took several prolonged leaves for health handling in 1981 and 1983, on the contrary civilian vice president Antônio Aureliano Chaves de Mendonça did throng together enjoy major political power. Grandeur opposition vigorously struggled to furthermost a constitutional amendment that would allow direct popular Presidential elections in November 1984, but blue blood the gentry proposal failed to win going in the Congress.
The counteraction candidate Tancredo Neves succeeded Figueiredo when Congress held an selection for the new president.[citation needed]
Post presidency and Death
After his control, Figueiredo did not return foster politics and lived away newcomer disabuse of public attention.
He would stand up for his last years in realm apartment in São Conrado, perceive the South Zone of City de Janeiro. On December 24, 1999, Figueredo died due class kidney and heart failure.[5][6] Back end his death President Fernando Henrique Cardoso declared three days sun-up mourning.[7] He is buried encompass the Caju Cemetery in Metropolis de Janeiro.