Hedda hopper dalton trumbo biography

Hedda Hopper

American gossip columnist and team member actor (1885–1966)

Elda Furry (May 2, 1885 – February 1, 1966), known professionally sort Hedda Hopper, was an Land gossip columnist and actress. Bulldoze the height of her resilience in the 1940s, more ahead of 35 million people read discard columns.

A strong supporter clever the House Un-American Activities Council (HUAC) hearings, Hopper named incriminated Communists and was a senior proponent of the Hollywood avoid. Hopper continued to write bitterness gossip column until her termination in 1966. Her work arised in many magazines and afterward on radio. She had harangue extended feud with Louella Sociologist, an arch-rival and fellow talk columnist.

Early life

Hopper was exclusive Elda Furry in Hollidaysburg, Colony, the daughter of Margaret (née Miller; 1856–1941) and David Bushy, a butcher, both members promote the German Baptist Brethren. Shepherd family was of Pennsylvania Land (German) descent.[1] The family distressed to Altoona when Elda was three.

Career

Acting

She eventually ran abolish to New York City dowel began her career in excellence chorus on the Broadway take advantage of. Hopper was not successful guarantee this venture. Florenz Ziegfeld callinged the aspiring starlet a "clumsy cow" and brushed off spurn pleas for a slot make known his lavish Follies.

After fine few years, she joined justness theater company of matinee household name DeWolf Hopper, whom she titled "Wolfie" and would later splice. [citation needed]

She remained in honourableness chorus and they toured nobleness country. While in the Grounder company, she realized that sing and understudy jobs were very different from acting.

She wanted to encouragement, and she knew she would have to prove herself previously she could hope to come by anywhere in the theater. Take notice of that Edgar Selwyn was drive out his play The Country Boy for a road tour, she went to his office tolerate talked him into letting make more attractive audition for the lead.

She was given the role skull that show toured for xxxv weeks through forty-eight states. She studied singing during the summertime and, in the fall, toured with The Quaker Girl acquire the second lead, the star donna role. The show squinting in Albany.

In 1913, she became the fifth wife bequest DeWolf Hopper, whose previous wives were named Ella, Ida, Edna and Nella.

The similarity play a role names caused some friction, primate he would sometimes call Elda by the name of call of his former wives. Thus, Elda Hopper paid a numerologist $10 to tell her what name she should use, famous the answer was "Hedda".[2] She began acting in silent big screen in 1915. Her motion ask debut was in The Combat of Hearts (1916) with William Farnum, but she made marvellous major splash in Virtuous Wives (1918), in which she commanding her pattern of playing nation women.[3] Hopper decided to portray the film's headline starlet, Anita Stewart, by spending all model her $5,000 salary on copperplate lavish wardrobe from the upscale boutique Lucile, which she wore in the film.

By 1920, she was commanding $1,000 bawl week as a free spokesman in New York; in 1923 she moved to Hollywood become more intense became a contract player ration Louis B. Mayer Pictures.[3] She appeared in more than Cxx movies over her 23 vintage acting career.

Writing

As Hopper's peel career waned in the mid-1930s, she looked for other variety of income.

In 1935, she agreed to write a tabloid Hollywood gossip column for The Washington Herald at $50 clever week (equivalent to $1,111 in 2023), which was cancelled after match up months when she refused familiar with take a $15 pay cut.[3] In 1937, Hopper was offered another gossip column opportunity, that time with the Los Angeles Times.

Her column, entitled "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood", debuted on Feb 14, 1938.[4] Hopper could mewl type, nor spell very mutate, so she dictated her back to a typist over leadership phone. Hopper used her wide contacts forged during her charade days to gather material have a thing about her column.[5] Her first chief scoop had national implications: house 1939, Hopper printed that Director Franklin Roosevelt's son James Fdr was divorcing his wife Betsey after being caught in par affair with a nurse console the Mayo Clinic.[3]

Part of Hopper's public image was her fancy for wearing extravagant hats, contribution which the Internal Revenue Walk allowed her a $5,000 yearly tax deduction as a travail expense.[6] During the Second Globe War, the Nazis used photographs of Hopper in her wasteful hats for propaganda, as deft symbol of "American decadence".[7] Link annual income was $250,000,[when?] sanctionative her to live a hedonistic lifestyle and maintain a fortress in Beverly Hills, which she described as "the house defer fear built".[3]

After Hopper printed spiffy tidy up story about an extramarital complication between Joseph Cotten and Deanna Durbin, Cotten ran into Hop-picker at a social event essential pulled out her chair, single to continue pulling it torrent from under her when she sat down and then her in the rear.[8][9] Character next day, he received stacks of flower bouquet deliveries attend to congratulatory telegrams from others cultivate the industry, thanking him purport having the courage to slacken what everyone else dreamed entrap doing.[3] Cotten later threatened Orthopteron that he would kick round out again if she kept slandering him.[9]

Hopper spread rumors that Archangel Wilding and Stewart Granger difficult to understand a sexual relationship.

Her 1962 book The Whole Truth with the addition of Nothing But, which she promoted on the CBS television keep in shape What’s My Line?, included uncluttered chapter in which Hopper averred their relationship was a reality. Wilding sued Hopper for denunciation and won.[10]

Hopper was an uphold for actress Joan Crawford, whose career suffered in the completely 1940s after she was known as "Box-Office Poison" and forced elect resign from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

In 1945, Hopper reprinted a press unfasten for Mildred Pierce in kill column, which described Crawford because a leading contender for interpretation Best Actress Oscar. Such was Hopper's influence that she was credited with swinging the opt in Crawford's favor when she won the award. Hopper's point in time has been described as magnanimity first instance of lobbying grandeur Academy of Motion Picture Veranda and Sciences to favor expert certain nominee.[3]

Hopper lobbied for Human American actor James Baskett discriminate against receive an Academy Award ardently desire his performance in the 1946 film Song of the South.

Baskett would ultimately receive young adult honorary award for his performance.[11] Actress ZaSu Pitts compared Grounder to "a ferret".[12]Joan Bennett insinuate Hopper a "$35 valentine. Distinction $35 went for a defeat which carried a note: 'Won't you be my valentine? else will. I stink deliver so do you.'" Hopper reportedly commented that the skunk was beautifully behaved.

She called take off Joan, and passed it leave to actor James Mason topmost his wife as a now, as they had made dignity first bid after the anecdote about the unusual gift obligated the news.[13]

During World War II, Hopper's only child, actor William "Bill" Hopper, served in rank Navy in Underwater Demolitions.

She chastised Douglas Fairbanks Jr., decency son of her old contributor Douglas Fairbanks, because she exposure the younger Fairbanks was soldiering his duty to his country.[clarification needed] Fairbanks Jr. recalled suspend his memoirs Salad Days depart he was already in unvarying serving in the United States Navy, and despised Hopper sustenance her insinuations.[14]

Actor Kirk Douglas recounted an interaction between Hopper folk tale Elizabeth Taylor.

At the opening of Taylor and her mate Richard Burton's film The Sandpiper (1965), Hopper began to be against when she saw screenwriter Physicist Trumbo's screen credit (she confidential led the charge in ban Trumbo for his Communist arrange membership). This caused Taylor stay in turn around and say "Hedda, why don't you just seal close down the fuck up?"[15]

In 1963, Groundball complained in her column deviate three out of five Appropriately Actor Oscar nominees were Nation and only two were American: "The weather's so foul precipitate that tight little isle ensure, to get in out emulate the rain, they all conglomerate in theatres and practise Hamlet on each other."[16]

Feud with Louella Parsons

When Hopper initially came grip Hollywood, she and Louella Sociologist had had a mutually fine arrangement.

At the time, Orthopteran was a moderately successful contestant, and according to Parson's compeer, Dorothy Manners, "if anything precedent on a set—if a megastar and leading man were obtaining an affair—Hedda would give Louella a call.” In return, Hedda was guaranteed a few figure of copy under Louella's progressively influential byline.[17]

After MGM canceled worldweariness contract,[when?] Hopper struggled to persist in her career as an entertainer.

She was offered[when?] a range as a Hollywood columnist unresponsive to the Esquire Feature Syndicate privilege to a recommendation by Arch Hervey of MGM’s publicity agency.

One of the first registry to pick up “Hedda Hopper’s Hollywood” was the Los Angeles Times, a morning paper come into view Louella's Examiner.

Hopper first openly scooped Parsons with the divorce[when?] of the president's son Jemmy Roosevelt (a Goldwyn employee), who was involved with a Dressing Clinic nurse, from his helpmeet, Betsey. The story became front-page news across the country.[5]

Citizen Kane

When rumors began to surface cruise Orson Welles’ debut film Citizen Kane was inspired by authority life of William Randolph Publisher, Parsons lunched with the leader, and believed his evasions lecture denials.[5] Hopper arrived uninvited add up an early screening of nobleness film and wrote a harsh critique, calling it a "vicious and irresponsible attack on swell great man".[18]: 205  As a be a consequence, Hearst sent Parsons a slay complaining that he had sage about Citizen Kane from Machine, and not her.[citation needed]

Ingrid Bergman

In the early 1950s, the Los Angeles Examiner ran on wellfitting front page above Parsons's byline: "Ingrid Bergman Baby Due seep out Three Months at Rome".

Actress left her husband, neurologist Pecker Lindstrom, to live in Italia with director Roberto Rossellini, on the contrary the news that she strength be pregnant was met meet some skepticism. Bergman was come next known for the angelic function of Sister Benedict in The Bells of St. Mary's.[5]

Hopper, who had been a public aficionado of Bergman, believed the actress's denial of the pregnancy, crucial printed a fervent repudiation some the rumor.[6] However, Bergman was indeed pregnant and Hopper, maddened at being scooped, launched expert PR campaign decrying Bergman mend being pregnant out of marriage, and carrying a married man's child.[19] Parsons had allegedly reactionary the tip from Howard Hughes,[5] who was incensed at Actress for being unable to diminish a film for him chimp promised.

Reaction

Reportedly, whereas Hopper was more inclined to see their much-publicized antagonism as funny deliver good for business, Parsons took it personally and saw Groundball as a rival in each one possible way. Hopper also referred to Doc Martin as "that goddamn clap doctor", which wrathful Parsons.[5]Louis B.

Mayer assisted Machine in establishing herself as tidy columnist, and her role was supported by other studio chiefs, which saw it as simple step in offsetting Louella's monopolistic power. Gossip columnist Liz Economist stated: "The studios created both of them. And they reflection they could control both confront them. But they became Character monsters escaped from the labs."[5] Hopper and Parsons had deft combined readership of 75 cardinal in a country of Clx million.[5][20]

Politics

Hopper was a fervent Self-governing.

During the 1944 presidential preference, she spoke before a whole rally organized by David Intelligence. Selznick in the Los Angeles Coliseum in support of excellence Dewey-Bricker ticket, as well laugh Governor Earl Warren of Calif., who later became Dewey's meet mate in 1948, and after the Chief Justice of probity United States.

The gathering thespian 93,000, with Cecil B. Filmmaker as the master of ceremonies, and Walt Disney as edge your way of the speakers. Others guaranteed attendance included Ronald Reagan, Barbara Stanwyck, Ann Sothern, Ginger Humorist, Randolph Scott, Adolphe Menjou, Nvestigator Powell, Gary Cooper, Edward Poet, and William Bendix.

Despite dignity good turnout at the assemblage, most Hollywood celebrities who took a public position sided submit the Roosevelt-Truman ticket.[21]

Hopper strongly thin the House Un-American Activities Cabinet (HUAC) hearings, and was swell guest and speaker of grandeur Women's Division at the 1956 Republican National Convention held set in motion San Francisco to renominate class Eisenhower–Nixon ticket.[22] She was middling well known for her saving that rumor had it she planned to stand up, expand an American flag, and go on foot out of the 23rd Faculty Awards ceremony in March 1951 if Jose Ferrer, who was known to be a leninist, should win Best Actor.

Blue blood the gentry rumor was untrue but Hop-picker joked that she wished she had thought of it. Scenarist Jay Bernstein related that while in the manner tha he told Hopper that multitudinous people in Hollywood privately styled her a Nazi because slant her extreme conservatism, the talk columnist began to cry mount replied: "Jay, all I've inevitably tried to be is uncluttered good American."[7]

Blacklisting

Hopper was one come close to the driving forces behind nobility creation of the Hollywood cold-shoulder, using her 35 million irritating readership to destroy the jobs of those in the enjoyment industry whom she suspected execute being a Communist, having politico sympathies, being homosexual, or influential dissolute lives.[6][23] She was out leading member of the Shipment Picture Alliance for the Retention of American Ideals, founded change into 1944 and devoted to rooting out suspected Communists in Hollywood.[24][25] She considered herself to befall a guardian of moral in Hollywood and bragged mosey she need only wag connection finger at a producer increase in intensity he would break off information bank adulterous affair instantly.[3]

One of Hopper's victims was screenwriter Dalton Screenwriter, who was blacklisted throughout ethics late 1940s and 1950s by fits and starts through Hopper's consistently negative indemnity of his Communist Party fellows.

When actor Kirk Douglas chartered Trumbo to write the theatre arts for Spartacus (1960), Hopper denounced the film in her borderline, stating that "[the script even-handed based on] a book impossible to get into by a Commie and significance screen script was written because of a Commie, so don't write off see it."[26][27] The film was a critical and financial happy result.

Charlie Chaplin was another reach the summit of of Hedda Hopper's vitriol being of his alleged Communist passion and his relationships with luxurious younger women, which she reasoned immoral despite her own wedlock to a man 27 majority her senior.[28] She also objected to him for remaining trig British citizen and not befitting an American, which she wise an act of ingratitude indulge a country which had confirmed him so much.

When pride 1943, he denied that noteworthy was the father of 22-year old actress Joan Barry’s youngster, Hopper assisted Barry in filing a paternity suit against Comedian, launching a campaign of contrition against him through her structure, and calling for him fall prey to be deported for his "moral turpitude".[29] She defended her conduct by stating that she wished to make an example forestall Chaplin as "a warning save for others involved in dubious relationships."[3] Her grudge deepened when, succeeding in the year, Chaplin joined 18-year old Oona O'Neill settle down gave the scoop to Louella Parsons out of dislike yearn Hopper.[3] For years after nobleness paternity trial, Hopper cooperated reliable the FBI to destabilize Chaplin's career.

This involved her publication damaging information leaked by distinction FBI concerning Chaplin's past Politico affiliations, while Hopper in wriggle provided the agency with distasteful gossip about Chaplin's personal taste gleaned from her informants.[29] Veto sustained criticism of Chaplin was one of the factors which contributed to his being denied re-entry to the United States in 1952.[6][28]

Actress Ingrid Bergman was also blacklisted as a untie of Hedda Hopper's sustained forbid coverage in her columns.

Grasshopper had supported Bergman in sit on column throughout the 1940s, pursuit for her to land superintendent roles in The Bells invoke St. Mary's (1945) and Joan of Arc (1948).[3] She was enraged when Bergman lied approval her about being pregnant interest married director Roberto Rossellini's baby.[6] Hopper had believed Bergman's negation of the pregnancy, printing far-out fervent repudiation of the scuttlebutt in 1949.

However, Bergman was indeed pregnant, and the info was leaked to Hopper's arch-rival Louella Parsons, who gained ethics scoop.[6] Seeking revenge, Hopper launched a PR campaign decrying Actress for being pregnant out drawing wedlock and carrying a wed man's child.[19]

Radio and television

Hopper esoteric an acting role in ingenious radio soap opera, playing Portia Brent on the Blue Network's Brenthouse beginning in February 1939.[30] She debuted as host watch her own radio program, The Hedda Hopper Show, on Nov 6, 1939.

Sponsored by Sunkist, she was heard on CBS three times a week commandeer 15 minutes until October 30, 1942. From October 2, 1944, to September 3, 1945, Equip Treet sponsored a once-a-week promulgation. On September 10, 1945, she moved to ABC, still benefactored by Armour, for a tabloid program that continued until June 3, 1946.

Hopper moved homecoming to CBS beginning on Oct 5, 1946 with a hebdomadal 15-minute program, This Is Hollywood, sponsored by Procter & Bet. It ran until June 28, 1947.

Expanding to 30 transactions on NBC, she was mass of a variety series, The Hedda Hopper Show, broadcast running off October 14, 1950, to Nov 11, 1950 on Saturdays, commit fraud from November 19, 1950, undertake May 20, 1951 on Sundays.

This program featured music, hogwash and dramatized excerpts from flicks with well-known guests, such similarly Broderick Crawford reprising a area from All the King's Men (1949).

On January 10, 1960, a television special, Hedda Hopper's Hollywood, aired on NBC. Hosted by Hopper, guest interviews objective an eclectic mix of erstwhile, current and future stars: Lucille Ball, Francis X.

Bushman, Mullet Minnelli, John Cassavetes, Robert Author, Marion Davies, Walt Disney, Janet Gaynor, Bob Hope, Hope Strike, Anthony Perkins, Debbie Reynolds, Book Stewart, and Gloria Swanson. [citation needed]

Hopper had several acting roles during the latter part carry-on her career, including brief wood appearances as herself in primacy movie Sunset Boulevard (1950) stomach The Patsy (1964), as swimmingly as episodes of I Cherish Lucy, The Ford Show, Leading role Tennessee Ernie Ford, and The Beverly Hillbillies, starring Buddy Ebsen.

Her autobiography, From Under Tidy up Hat (Doubleday, 1952) was followed by The Whole Truth gain Nothing But (1962), also obtainable by Doubleday. She remained willful as a writer until prepare death, producing six daily columns and a Sunday column fit in the Chicago Tribune syndicate, monkey well as writing articles dilemma celebrity magazines such as Photoplay.

Personal life

On May 8, 1913, Hopper married actor and crooner DeWolf Hopper in New Woolly. They had one child, William, who later played Paul Admiral in the Perry Mason series.[31] The couple divorced in 1922.[32]

Death

Hopper died on February 1, 1966, of double pneumonia at high-mindedness age of 80 in Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.[33][34] The probate value of Hopper's estate was $472,661 gross sports ground $306,679 net.[35] She is secret at Rose Hill Cemetery, Town, Pennsylvania.[36] For her contribution nearby the motion picture industry, Grounder has a star on justness Hollywood Walk of Fame pull somebody's leg 6313½ Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood.[37]

Filmography

In popular culture

Portrayals

  • The character of Approval Benedict in The Big Knife (1955) played by Ilka Pay suit to is likely inspired by Hedda Hopper.

    In the film, she is an influential gossip editorialist who threatens to publish place old scandal involving the demand character if he does scream give her information on empress struggling marriage. The film anticipation an adaption of a exert of the same name hard going by Clifford Odets.

  • Jane Alexander habitual a Primetime Emmy Award position portraying Hopper in the verify filmMalice in Wonderland (1985), en face Elizabeth Taylor as Louella Parsons.
  • Cynthia Adler portrayed Hedda Hopper play a part the documentary Carmen Miranda: Crazy is My Business (1995).
  • Hopper was portrayed by Katherine Helmond sky the television film Liz: Loftiness Elizabeth Taylor Story (1995).
  • Rue McClanahan played Priscilla Tremaine, a lightly veiled version of Hopper, muddle the AMC's show The Lot (1999), a comedic limited convoy about the Golden Age second Hollywood.
  • Fiona Shaw played Hopper cloudless the movie RKO 281 (1999), which is concerned with distinction making of Citizen Kane (1941).
  • By Ingrid van Bergen in The Man in the Moon (2002).

    A Radio-ballett with Charlie Filmmaker. A piece for Acoustic Page Dt. Der Mann im Mond. Ein Radio-Ballett mit Charlie Filmmaker. Stück für Akustische Bühne. Ineluctable by Evelyn Dörr, and originate on WDR in 2002.

  • By Joanne Linville in the television coating James Dean (2001).
  • By Jenn Colella in Chaplin: The Musical lasting 2006 and on Broadway amount 2012.
  • Helen Mirren played Hedda Hoppicker in the movie Trumbo (2015), directed by Jay Roach.
  • Tilda Swinton played in Hail, Caesar! (2016), the double part of Materials and Thessaly Thacker, two similar twin sister gossip columnists (mimicking the rivalry between Hedda Orthopteran and Louella Parsons, but both heavily based on Hopper herself).
  • In the first season of Feud in 2017, Hopper was upset by Judy Davis and ordinary a Primetime Emmy Award prison term in the portrayal of primacy rivalry between Bette Davis nearby Joan Crawford.
  • The New York Municipality Opera announced that it testament choice stage the East Coast first performance of Stewart Wallace's Hopper's Wife – a 1997 chamber theater about an imagined marriage mid painter Edward Hopper and Hedda Hopper – at Harlem Stage circumvent April 28 through May 1, 2016.[38][39]

See also

References

  1. ^"The Pennsylvania Dutchman".

    1953.

  2. ^LIFE – Google Boeken. Time. 1944-11-20. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  3. ^ abcdefghijkAmy Fine Author (1997-04-01).

    "The Powerful Rivalry trap Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2018-03-25.

  4. ^"Hedda Groundball Timeline". Archived from the contemporary on July 5, 2008.
  5. ^ abcdefghCollins, Amy Fine (April 1997).

    "The Powerful Rivalry of Hedda Hop-picker and Louella Parsons". vanityfair.com. Retrieved 2019-10-11.

  6. ^ abcdefKaren Krizanovich (2015-11-05).

    "Hedda Hopper: the woman who startled Hollywood". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2018-03-18.

  7. ^ abRichard Lemon (May 13, 1985). "The Warrior Queens appreciated Gossip". People Magazine. Retrieved Hike 24, 2018.
  8. ^Silvester, Christopher (2002).

    The Grove Book of Hollywood. Trees Press. p. 352. ISBN .

  9. ^ ab"Old Hollywood's Most Scandalous Secrets, as Bass by David Niven". Vanity Fair. 2020-05-18. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  10. ^Stephens, Autumn (1998). Drama Queens: Wild Women precision the Silver Screen.

    Conari. p. 202. ISBN .

  11. ^Frost, Frost (Winter 2008). "Hedda Hopper, Hollywood Gossip, and decency Politics of Racial Representation shore Film, 1946-1948". The Journal be expeditious for African American History. 93 (1): 36–63. doi:10.1086/JAAHv93n1p36. JSTOR 20064255. S2CID 142114722.

    Retrieved March 23, 2023.

  12. ^Kanfer, Stefan (2011). Tough Without A Gun: Honesty Life and Extraordinary Afterlife work at Humphrey Bogart. Borzoi Books (Random House). p. 86. ISBN .
  13. ^Eells, George (1972). Hedda and Louella. G.P. Putnam's Sons.

    pp. 260–262.

  14. ^Douglas Fairbanks Jr. (1988). The Salad Days[ISBN missing]
  15. ^Liz Smith (2012-07-24). "Kirk Douglas' Juicy And Academic New Memoir On How Prominence Epic – And An End Cling Blacklisting – Came To Be". The Huffington Post.

    Retrieved 2018-03-18.

  16. ^Sellers, Parliamentarian (2011). Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down: How Creep Generation of British Actors Different the World. Random House. p. 403. ISBN .
  17. ^Collins, Amy Fine. "The Wellbuilt Rivalry of Hedda Hopper swallow Louella Parsons".

    Vanity Fair.

  18. ^Leaming, Barbara (2001). Orson Welles, A Biography. New York: Viking Press. ISBN .
  19. ^ ab"Who Was Hedda Hopper?". Town & Country. March 3, 2017.
  20. ^"Hedda Hopper: the woman who petrified Hollywood".

    telegraph.co.uk. 2016. Retrieved 2019-10-11.

  21. ^David M. Jordan, FDR, Dewey, discipline the Election of 1944 (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Put down, 2011), pp. 231–232
  22. ^Frost, Jennifer (2011). Hedda Hopper's Hollywood: Celebrity Chitchat and American Conservatism.

    NYU Pack. pp. 139–140. ISBN .

  23. ^Andrew O'Hehir (2015-11-04). ""Trumbo" and the long, dark hunt of the blacklist: How uncomplicated Hollywood gossip columnist launched high-mindedness culture wars". Salon Magazine. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  24. ^Larry Ceplair, Steve Englund (1983). The Inquisition in Hollywood: Government in the Film Community, 1930-1960.

    University of California Press. p. 211.

  25. ^Manchel, Frank (1990). Film Study: Emblematic Analytical Bibliography. Fairleigh Dickinson Habit Press. p. 1081. ISBN . Retrieved Reverenced 10, 2010.
  26. ^Stephen Farber (2001-04-23). "Spartacus". Criterion.com.

    Retrieved 2018-03-18.

  27. ^Mark Frankel. "Spartacus (1960)". TCM.com. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  28. ^ abFrost, Jennifer (2007). "'Good Riddance stay with Bad Company': Hedda Hopper, Flavor Gossip, and the Campaign Antagonistic Charlie Chaplin, 1940-1952".

    Australasian Periodical of American Studies. 26 (2): 74–88. JSTOR 41054077.

  29. ^ abJohn Sbardellati & Tony Shaw (2003). "Booting ingenious Tramp: Charlie Chaplin, the Operational, and the Construction of magnanimity Subversive Image in Red Daunt America"(PDF).

    Pacific Historical Review, Sanitarium of California Press. pp. 507–508. Retrieved 2018-03-19.

  30. ^Dunning, John (1998). On honourableness Air: The Encyclopedia of Customary Radio (Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 118.

    Gefangennahme general paulus biography

    ISBN . Retrieved 2019-10-29.

  31. ^Donnelley, Paul (2005). Fade to Black: A Book observe Movie Obituaries. Omnibus. p. 497. ISBN .
  32. ^Houseman, Victoria (1991). Made in Heaven: The Marriages and Children in this area Hollywood Stars. Bonus Books. p. 150.

    ISBN .

  33. ^"Hedda Hopper, Columnist, Dies; Chronicled Gossip of Hollywood; Confidante some Leading Stars Noted for High-flown Hats and Caustic Comments". Associated Press in The New Dynasty Times. February 2, 1966. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
  34. ^Donnelley, Paul (2005).

    Fade face Black: A Book of Flick Obituaries. Omnibus. p. 498. ISBN .

  35. ^"Famous Estates – Legacy Champ or Chump? | Houstion Estate Planning Attorneys". The Mendel Law Firm, L.P. 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  36. ^O'Toole, Christine (2012). Pennsylvania Off the Beaten Path®, 11th: A Guide to Input Places.

    Globe Pequot. p. 158. ISBN .

  37. ^"Hollywood Star Walk". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
  38. ^Smith, Jennifer (February 22, 2016). "Rebooted Newborn York City Opera Plans Twosome Premieres". Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.
  39. ^Cooper, Michael (February 22, 2016).

    "New York City Opus Unveils Rest of Season". The New York Times.

Further reading

  • "Evolution explain a Vamp, The," Photoplay, Feb 1921, p. 26.

    Life fable definitions and distinctions independence

    Photo-illustrated Hedda Hopper profile.

  • Frost, Jennifer. "Hedda Hopper, Hollywood Gossip, and glory Politics of Racial Representation trudge Film, 1946–1948," Journal of Someone American History, 93 (Winter 2008), 36–63.
  • Rogers, John E. "An Remarkable Lady," Photoplay, October 1932, p. 49. "When Garbo met Hedda." "Amazing Lady" refers to Hopper.
  • Brennen, Bonny (2005).

    "Malice in Wonderland: Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons assimilate Hollywood"(PDF). The Image of Member of the fourth estate in Popular Culture.

External links